___ ___ __________ ___________ ___________
/ /| / /| / _____ /| / ________/| / ________/|
/ /____/ / / / /____/ / / / / _______|/ / / _______|/
/ ____ / / / _______/ / / /_______ / / / ____
/ / ___/ / / / / _______/ |______ /| / / / /_ /|
/ / / / / / / / / ________/ / / / /______/ / /
/__/ / /__/ / /__/ / /__________/ / /___________/ /
|__|/ |__|/ |__|/ |__________|/ |___________|/
___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___
| | | / | | | |
| _ |___| / |__ | | |__
| | | | / | | | |
|___| | | /___ |___ | | |___ Issue 6, 27 April 1998
A theory is only as good as the empirical evidence for it. If elevated
to the level of dogma (or reduced to the level of presupposition), so
that no empirical evidence can be brought to bear on it, then it is not
being treated scientifically.
Jackendoff 1997
Dear All,
We are happy to put forth the next issue of the HPSG Gazette. The exclusive feature of this issue is a report on HPSG-related publications just out, in press or in preparation (section IV: NEW PUBLICATIONS). As usual, you can also find the list of HPSG talks that came to our attention held recently at various conferences (section II: REPORTS).
Once again, we would like to remind you that the usefulness of the Gazette depends entirely on your contributions, so please, let us know about HPSG-related talks you have delivered or heard, new HPSG publications, theses and dissertations, new HPSG projects, moves within HPSG community, etc. If you have any information of this kind, please send it to:
Enjoy this issue!
Adam Przepiórkowski
Detmar Meurers
Following HPSG-related papers were delivered during the workshop "The
Syntax of Adverbials -- Theoretical and Cross-linguistic Aspects":
HPSG-related talks:
I'm now a member of a research group based in the University of Lille 3. My new e-mail address is: Godard@Univ-Lille3.fr Please note that the old address is no longer of any use (the machine keeps the mail, but I can't read it). If you wish to send me something as surface mail, please use my home address rather than the university's: Danièle Godard 3 square du Croisic, F-75015 Paris, France Thank you. Best, Danièle
Steve Wechsler recently received tenure and promotion to the rank of Associate Professor at the University of Texas at Austin.
Chris Culy recently tenure and promotion to the rank of Associate Professor at the University of Iowa.
Congratulations!
Workshop at ESSLLI X (Section: Language), Saarbrücken, 17-21 August 1998.
"Current topics in constraint-based theories of Germanic syntax"
Organizers: Tibor Kiss (IBM Heidelberg)
Detmar Meurers (Univ. Tübingen)
Accepted Presentations:
Judith Berman (Univ. Stuttgart):
On the Syntax of Correlative 'es' and Finite Clauses in German -
an LFG Analysis
Adam Bodomo (Univ. Hongkong):
A lexical semantic analysis of causative complex predicates in
Norwegian
Bob Carpenter (Lucent Tech, Bell Labs):
A "Linearization" Approach to German Word Order in Type-Logical
Grammar
Frank Van Eynde (K.U. Leuven):
Functional Projections and Dutch Prepositions
Lutz Gunkel (FU Berlin):
Kausativkonstruktionen im Deutschen
Jonas Kuhn (Univ. Stuttgart):
Resource Sensitivity in the Syntax-Semantics Interface and the
German Split-NP Construction
Kordula De Kuthy (DFKI, Saarbrücken):
NPs occuring separate from their PP arguments -- An argument
raising approach and its interaction with lexical semantics
Stefan Müller (DFKI, Saarbrücken):
Case in German - An HPSG Analysis
Frank Richter und Manfred Sailer (Univ. Tübingen):
Complementizers and Finite Verbs in German Sentence Structure
Peter Skadhauge und Per Anker Jensen (Southern Denmark Business School):
Linearization and Diathetic Alternations in Danish
Dear HPSGians,
After nearly a year's delay, ALE 3.0 Beta is now ready. Its new features
are:
- A semantic-head-driven generator, based on Gertjan van Noord's
algorithm, as extended to the logic of typed feature structures
by Octav Popescu,
- A source-level debugger, with a graphical XEmacs interface,
based on, and incorporating the SICStus source-level debugger,
by Per Mildner,
- Built-in extensional atoms (so that you don't have to declare
them),
- Functional descriptions, e.g., you can write
(f:X,g:Y,h:append(X,Y)), rather than (f:X,g:Y,h:Z) with a
relational attachment, append(X,Y,Z),
- Optional edge subsumption checking,
- Default specifications for types: ALE assumes that types in the
signature not declared as subsuming another type are maximal,
and that those not declared as being subsumed are subsumed by
bot (with a warning, of course),
- More compile-time error and warning messages,
- Several bug corrections,
- An updated user's manual,
- An SWI Prolog port.
OTHER NEWS
*ALE Homepage has moved*
ALE 3.0 is available from the ALE Homepage, which has moved to:
http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~gpenn/ale.html
The ALE mailing list address is still:
+dist+~gpenn/dl/ale.dl@andrew.cmu.edu
Subscription requests should be sent to gpenn+@cmu.edu.
*System Requirements*
ALE 3.0 was developed with SICStus Prolog 3.0. The SICStus version
(ale.pl) should run on some earlier versions as well. There is also an SWI
2.9.7 port, which is compatible back to at least version 2.7.14, and a
Quintus port. This will be the last version for which we will provide a
Quintus port (although we will be happy to post ports that other people
make). We will now support ALE for SICStus Prolog and SWI Prolog.
The ALE source-level debugger requires SICStus Prolog 3.0, patch level
6. We will make a debugger available for SWI Prolog users in a future
release. The graphical XEmacs interface requires XEmacs 19.15 or
higher. For best Dear HPSGians,
*HDrug Graphical User Environment*
The HDrug-ALE interface is being ported to the new versions of both
HDrug and ALE. It is available on the HDrug homepage:
http://grid.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/hdrug
ALE 3.0 requires HDrug 3.9.99 or higher.
*Comments/Questions/Bug Reports*
These are always welcome, and more so now because this is a beta
release. You may post them to the list, or send them to us directly.
We are also very interested to know what people are doing with ALE.
There is a space on the ALE homepage where we post some of the reports
of applications that we receive.
*Coming Soon* (and this time we mean it :-)
The next release or two of ALE will focus mainly on improving its
performance - better and faster compilation, cleaning up the Prolog
code, etc.
Enjoy,
Bob Carpenter and Gerald Penn
*************************************
* LCG TMR Network *
* Learning Computational Grammars *
* *
*************************************
***************************************
* POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES *
***************************************
with potential roles for graduate-student level participation (see
below).
LCG (Learning Computational Grammars) is a research network
shortlisted for funding by the EC Training and Mobility of Researchers
programme (TMR). LCG's contract is currently being negotiated. The
network is expected to run from 1st May 1998 for three years.
Positions for part of this time are possible.
LCG will research the application of a variety of machine learning
techniques to natural language syntax, including techniques from
neural networks, statistical learning, and symbolic learning. Their
will be a focus comparison of results based on attempts to learn noun
phrase structure in English. Some work on other languages is possible.
The LCG partners are
University of Groningen, Netherlands (coordinator)
University of Tuebingen, Germany
SRI, The United Kingdom
University of Antwerp, Belgium
University College Dublin Ireland
ISSCO, Switzerland
Xerox, France
For more details of LCG's programme, see
http://www.let.rug.nl/~nerbonne/tmr/lcg.html
Subject to successful contract negotiation, LCG will employ a number
of postdoctoral researchers. Under some circumstances graduate
students may be available.
* All these researchers (except those applying to Switzerland) must
be under 35 years of age,
be EU citizens and
be prepared to work outside their own country.
be prepared to work somewhere other than where they have
worked for 18 of the last twenty-four months.
* There will be opportunities to collaborate with other LCG
researchers at the sites above.
* Graduate students with some experience may be considered to work in
the network. In general, postdoctoral candidates are preferred.
* Payment is based on the Marie Curie TMR fellowship rates (details
from the web site)
* Applicants to the Swiss lab need not be European citizens.
See the web site for contacts at the various labs.
If you are interested, send your CV (including publication list) and
the names and addresses of two referees to the address below. Indicate
what LCG tasks (see the web site) and what LCG labs interest you, and
when you expect to be available. Please indicate in a 2-3 pp. sketch
of your interest in LCG how it is related to work you have done and
what special expertise you bring to the problem.
John Nerbonne, Alfa Informatica nerbonne@let.rug.nl
University of Groningen Tel. (31) +50 363 5815
P.O. Box 716 Fax 363 6855
Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26
NL-9700 AS GRONINGEN http://www.let.rug.nl/~nerbonne
The Netherlands
Position Announcement
The Division of Computational Linguistics in the Dept. of Linguistics
at the University of Tuebingen, Germany is seeking applications for
two externally-funded research positions.
The research projects will focus on the following tasks:
1. Application of finite-state and context-free techniques for natural
language parsing, text annotation and document conversion.
2. Conversion of dictionaries into on-line accessible SGML/HTML
documents and adaption of bilingual dictionaries (English-German and
French-German) for on-line translation assistance.
Applicants should have expertise and research experience in one or
more of the following areas:
finite-state parsing
document conversion into SGML/HTML
computational lexicography
and have solid programming experience in one or more of the following:
C++/STL
CGI Programming
Scripting Languages (Perl, etc)
Java/Java Script.
The positions are at the rank of "Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter"
(M.A.,M.Sc., Diplom or Ph.D. required). The salary is on the German
payscale of BAT IIa (minimum of 65 000 DM per year).
Current funding for the two positions will extend until December 31,
1999 -- with the possibility of renewal for at least one position
beyond 1999. Successful candidates would be expected to take up the
positions as soon as possible.
Applications should include CV, an outline of research
experience/interests, and names and addresses of two referees. A
sample publication representative of the applicant's research
expertise would be helpful.
Applications should be sent by mail or email to the address below.
Applications received by May 8, 1998 will receive full consideration,
although interviews may start at any time.
Dale Gerdemann and Erhard W. Hinrichs
Seminar fuer Sprachwissenschaft, Abt. Computerlinguistik
Eberhard-Karls Universitaet Tuebingen
Wilhelmstr. 113
D-72074 Tuebingen, Germany
email: dg@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de
In case of equal qualifications, preference will be given to persons
with disabilities.
The University of Tuebingen strives to increase the representation of
female scientists. Women are, therefore, especially encouraged to
apply.
-- Job Offer at the German Research Center
for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI GmbH) --
The German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI GmbH)
based in Kaiserslautern and Saarbruecken is one of the leading
research institutes in Germany in the field of innovative software
technology.
The long-term aim of the VERBMOBIL project is to develop a mobile
translation system for the translation of spontaneous speech in
face-to-face dialogue situations. The software development is being
carried out by over 20 industrial partners and research institutes
throughout Germany.
The task of the "System Design and Integration Group" at the DFKI in
Kaiserslautern is to integrate the software components into a complete
system and to create the necessary software engineering framework.
For this purpose, we are looking for a
Software Engineer.
The work will involve the design, implementation and integration of
software components in the Verbmobil system.
Applicants should have a degree in computer science or related course
of study, as well as expertise and experience in at least two of the
following areas:
- Programming in PROLOG/LISP
- Computer linguistics
- Software engineering
- Data bases
- Unix
For further information, please call +49 631/205 - 3846 or 3844.
Please send applications to
Dr. J. Schwinn
DFKI GmbH
Postfach 2080
67608 Kaiserslautern.
Germany
(email: Johannes.Schwinn@dfki.de)
Frank Van Eynde & Paul Schmidt (eds.) Linguistic Specifications for Typed Feature Structure Formalisms. Studies in Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing. Volume 10. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998, 344 pages, 15 ECU. This volume is an abridged and revised version of the final report of the project ``Investigation of Linguistic Specifications for Future Industrial Standards'' (Multilingual Action Plan of the European Union, 1993-1996). The aim of the project was the development of linguistic specifications for TFS-based formalisms. Apart from compatibility with this family of formalisms the specifications aimed at breadth of coverage, internal coherence and multilingual orientation. On a more technical level they were required to be monostratal, lexicalist and constraint-based. Since these are the main characteristics of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, it is not surprising that HPSG forms the point of departure for most of the work which is presented in the volume. Below follows an overview of the contributions: F. Van Eynde & P. Schmidt Introduction P. Schmidt Formal Assumptions S. Markantonatou & L. Sadler Lexical Generalisations P. Bennett & P. Schmidt Phrase Structure T. Badia & C. Colominas Predicate-Argument Structure F. Van Eynde Tense, Aspect and Negation V. Allegranza Determination and Quantification F. Namer Support Verb Constructions Copies can be obtained from the European Commission, DG XIII. Contact e.valentini@lux.dg13.cec.be.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Introduction vii
Sergio Balari and Luca Dini
1 French Bound Dependencies 1
Anne Abeillé, Danièle Godard, Philip Miller, Ivan A. Sag
2 Determiners as Functors: NP Structure in Italian 55
Valerio Allegranza
3 Prepositions in Catalan 109
Toni Badia
4 Pronouns, Variables, and Extraction 151
Sergio Balari
5 Null Complements in Italian 219
Luca Dini
6 English Missing Objects and Italian Restructuring 267
Claire Grover
7 Decomposing Italian Clitics 305
Paola Monachesi
8 Thematically Bound Adjuncts 359
Antonio Sanfilippo
Index 397
TABLE OF CONTENTS (HPSG-related papers are marked with a `*'):
*Anne Abeille and Danielle Godard and Ivan Sag
"Two Kinds of Composition in French Complex Predicates"
*Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord
"Dutch Verb Clustering without Verb Clusters""
Miriam Butt
"Constraining Argument Merger through Aspect"
*Chan Chung
"Argument Attraction and Long-Distance Scrambling in Korean"
*Erhard Hinrichs and Tsuneko Nakazawa
"The Third Construction and VP Extraposition in German"
*Andreas Kathol
"Constituency and Linearization of Verbal Complexes"
Esther Kraak
"A Deductive Account of French Object Clitics"
*Paola Monachesi
"Italian Restructuring Verbs: A Lexical Analysis"
*Gert Webelhuth
"Causatives and the Nature of Argument Structure"
ABOUT THE PAPERS:
Anne Abeill\'e, Dani\`ele Godard, and Ivan Sag investigate causative
constructions in French involving {\em faire}, with special attention to
the behavior of pronominal clitics of various kinds. The distribution of
such clitic elements presents crucial evidence that causative
constructions have to be distinguished from other kinds of complex
predicates, in particular those involving tense auxiliaries. While both
construction types employ argument composition, they crucially differ
with respect to whether it is the verbal argument's COMPS list or its
ARG-ST list that contributes elements to the ARG-ST list of the complex
predicate. The authors argue that causative {\em faire\/} constructions
belong to the first class and show how this assumption straightforwardly
accounts for numerous differences in the climbing behavior of pronominal
clitics. Aside from this novel analysis which, among other things, is
extended into a fine-grained account of subtle differences among French
reflexive constructions, the authors also propose a number of
innovations in the descriptive apparatus. Thus, while their analysis is
crucially driven by distinctions made among different lexical variants
of the verbs involved, the different lexical forms are not obtained by
lexical rules, as has been the practice in much previous work. Instead,
the entire system (apart from a derivational rule for medio-passive
reflexives) functions in terms of constraints on lexical types.
Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord argue that the word order of German as
well as Dutch verb clusters can be accounted for without attributing
constituent status to them. Their analysis rests on the assumption that
a single {\sc head-complement} schema exists, which licences phrases
consisting of a lexical head and an arbitrary number of its
complements. Word order is accounted for by means of {\em linear
precedence\/} statements only. A set of such statements is given which
accounts for the full range of ordering possibilities encountered in
German and Dutch verb clusters. Furthermore, it is shown how the
analysis leads to an improved account of {\em partial} {\sc vp} {\em
fronting}.
Chan Chung's paper investigates the syntactic properties of different
kinds of finite and nonfinite complementation in Korean. After
developing a version of Hinrichs and Nakazawa's argument composition
approach for the analysis of Korean verbal complexes, Chung goes on to
show how this approach can be extended to long-distance scrambling
constructions. Such apparent displacements of arguments from VPs and
finite clauses have traditionally been analyzed in terms of A-bar
movement (as in GB) or as a result of SLASH passing (as in HPSG), but
Chung argues that a superior analysis is obtained if instead the complex
predicate approach is extended to these cases. Among the main evidence
in favor of this proposal, Chung cites certain weak crossover effects
and passivization constructions.
Erhard Hinrichs and Tsuneko Nakazawa present an analysis of the
so-called {\sc third construction} in German. This construction type
refers to a syntactic configuration in which a subject control verb such
as {\em versuchen} ('try') splits its VP complement, e.g.~{\em das Auto
zu reparieren} into discontinuous parts, as in {\em da{\ss} Peter das
Auto versucht zu reparieren} ('that Peter tries to repair the car').
What makes the {\sc third construction} notoriously difficult to analyze
is the fact that this construction does not fit neatly in the opposition
between two types infinitive constructions in German that, following
Bech 1955, are commonly referred to as {\em coherent} and {\em
incoherent infinitive constructions}. Rather, the {\sc third
construction} exhibits some of the properties of each of these two
classes.
Hinrichs and Nakazawa present an HPSG analysis of the third construction
which makes use of argument composition, originally proposed for the
treatment of German auxiliaries by the same authors (Hinrichs and
Nakazawa 1989). Argument composition allows control verbs to form
complex predicates with their governed {\em zu}-infinitive; its nominal
complements are ``raised'' to the matrix level, giving rise to the
discontinuous word order of the elements of the VP complement. A
wide-range of related properties of the third construction and of the
coherent/incoherent infinitive constructions are treated by a single
lexical rule which alters the subcategorization framework of control
verbs.
Andreas Kathol's contribution parallels that of Bouma and van Noord in
many respects. Like the latter authors, Kathol is concerned with the
parameters of order variation seen in the verb cluster of various German
and Dutch dialects. And while he also adopts argument composition as the
driving force in the construction of head clusters, his approach to
discontinuity effects involves not a flattening of the phrase
structure---as proposed by Bouma and van Noord---but instead a relies on
a loosening in the relationship between constituency and linear
order. This allows him to retain common assumptions about the
constituency relations and to treat the verb cluster as a syntactic
constituent. Embedded in the linearization-based approach of Kathol, the
analysis extends naturally to the clause-initial occurrences of finite
verbs in root environments in a purely linearly-based fashion.
In the final section, Kathol compares his approach to that of Reape
1992, which is often considered to be a competitor of the argument
composition analysis. A number of shortcomings of Reape's proposals are
pointed out which argue that a complex predicate view of German verb
clusters is to be preferred over a purely linearization-based analysis.
Paola Monachesi presents an analysis of restructuring verbs of Italian,
a class of verbs which includes modal, aspectual and motion verbs.
Restructuring verbs exhibit uniform morpho-syntactic properties with
respect to clitic climbing, long NP-movement, {\em tough}-constructions
and auxiliary selection. In particular, clitic climbing has often been
used as one of the most reliable diagnostics for complex predicate
formation. In this construction, a clitic which originates as dependent
of a complement verb, can climb and attach to a restructuring verb.
Monachesi shows that the mechanism of argument composition allows for a
uniform account of the different properties exhibited by restructuring
verbs, in particular of citic-climbing, long NP-Movement and the
apparent parallelism between these two phenomena. Furthermore, an
explanation is given for the fact that the Italian {\em
tough}-construction, which is strictly bounded, appears to be unbounded
in the presence of restructuring verbs.
The differences and similarities of monosyllabic clitics and of the
clitic {\em loro\/} ('to them') with respect to climbing are derived by
assuming that they have a different status. Monosyllabic clitics show
affix-like behavior, while {\em loro\/} exhibits word-like behavior.
Finally, Monachesi demonstrates that her treatment is flexible enough to
deal with dialectal variation. Her analysis is extended to deal with
restructuring verbs in Salentino. In this southern Italian dialect,
contrary to Standard Italian, it is possible to have clitic climbing out
of a finite clause.
Gert Webelhuth's article gives an overview of the types of causative
constructions that are found in the world's languages and illustrates
that grammatical theory has to account for at least three different
kinds of causatives: (i)~those which behave in all respects as if they
form a single clause; (ii)~those which systematically behave as if they
project two clauses; and (iii)~those which show a mixed behavior of the
two previous types. In addition, the paper shows that each of the three
types of causatives can be expressed synthetically or analytically,
i.e., as one single word or a collection of words. Webelhuth goes on to
develop a theory of causatives as a special case of an inventory of
universally available lexical predicate constructions. The analysis
exploits the lexical type hierarchy to express generalizations across
the different causatives and allows individual languages to posit
causative predicate types whose morpho-phonological spell-outs are
language-particular but whose functional-semantic properties are
inherited from a universally available type hierarchy for
predicates. The conceptual structure of this analysis of causatives
reflects the author's belief that languages are much more similar in
their functional-semantic than in their categorial-phrase structural
properties.
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction Georgia Green and Robert Levine A lexical comment on a syntactic topic Kazuhiko Fukushima The lexical integrity of Japanese causatives Christopher Manning, Ivan Sag and Masayo Iida On lexicalist treatments of Japanese causatives Takao Gunji Partial VP and split NP topicalization in German: an HPSG analysis Erhard W. Hinrichs and Tsuneko Nakazawa "Modal flip" and partial Verb Phrase fronting in German Kathryn L. Baker Agreement and the Syntax-Morphology Interface in HPSG Andreas Kathol A syntax and semantics for purposive adjuncts in HPSG Michael Johnston
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
LEXICAL ARGUMENT STRUCTURE
Michael Dukes `Kinds of objecthood in Chamorro grammar'
Dimitra Kolliakou `A composition approach to Modern Greek 'weak
form' possessives'
Rob Malouf `West Greenlandic noun incorporation in a
monohierarchical theory of grammar'
Chris Manning and Ivan Sag
`Dissociations between ARG-ST and grammatical
relations'
LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Anne Abeille and Daniele Godard
`A lexical approach to quantifier floating'
Kordula De Kuthy `Linearization versus movement: evidence from
German pied-piped infinitives'
Charles Fillmore `Inversion and construction inheritance'
Detmar Meurers `German partial-VP topicalization revisited'
Jeff Smith `English number names in HPSG'
BINDING THEORY
Antonio Branco and Palmira Marrafa
`Long-distance reflexives and the binding
square of opposition'
Steve Wechsler 'HPSG, GB, and the Balinese Bind'
CASE AND AGREEMENT
Emily Bender and Dan Flickinger
`Peripheral constructions and core phenomena:
agreement in tag questions'
Kearsy Cormier, Steve Wechsler and Richard Meier
`Locus agreement in American Sign Language'
Adam Przepiórkowski `On case assignment and "adjuncts as
complements"'
FORMAL/COMPUTATIONAL ISSUES:
Thilo Goetz and Detmar Meurers
`"The importance of being lazy": Using lazy
evaluation to process queries to HPSG
grammars'
Jean-Pierre Koenig `Inside-out constraints and description
languages for HPSG grammars'
Detmar Meurers and Guido Minnen
`Off-line constraint propagation for efficient
HPSG processing'
Carl Pollard `Strong generative capacity in HPSG'
SEMANTICS/PRAGMATICS
David Baxter `Conjunctive semantics for semantically
transparent modifiers'
Howard Gregory and Shalom Lappin
`Antecedent-contained ellipsis in HPSG'
Andreas Kathol `The scope-marking construction in German'
Graham Wilcock `Lexicalization of context'
The following is the alphabetical list of the bibliographical information
submitted to Stefan Müller's HPSG Bibliography page at
since the previous issue of the Gazette. The full HPSG bibliography
can be found at the above address.
@incollection{Abb:92, address = "Stuttgart", author = "Bernd Abb", booktitle = "Syntaktische Analysevorschl{\"a}ge zur Behandlung von lokalen Pr{\"a}fixverben in einem System f{\"u}r die Generierung von Wegbeschreibungen", editor = "Bernd Abb and Kai Lebeth", month = "June", number = "224", publisher = "IBM Wissenschaftliches Zentrum Institut f{\"u}r Wissensbasierte Syteme", series = "IWBS Report", title = "{Lokale untrennbare Pr{\"a}fixverben in einer HPSG-Analyse}", year = "1992"}
@inproceedings{Ackerman:Webelhuth:98, address = "Stanford", author = "Farrell Ackerman and Gert Webelhuth", booktitle = "A Theory of Predicates", email = "webelhuth@unc.edu", homepage = "http://www.unc.edu/~webelhut", publisher = "CSLI Publications", year = "1998"}
@incollection{Allegranza:98, address = "Luxembourg", author = "Valerio Allegranza", booktitle = "Linguistic Specifications for Typed Feature Structure Formalisms", email = "v_allegranza@geocities.com", editor = "Frank van Eynde and Paul Schmidt", homepage = "http://www.geocities.com/athens/academy/3782", pages = "281--314", publisher = "Office for Official Publications of the European Communities", title = "Determination and Quantification", year = "1998"}
@incollection{Bouma:Noord:To-appear, address = "Cambridge", author = "Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord", booktitle = "Complex predicates in Nonderivational Syntax", editor = "Erhard Hinrichs and Tsuneko Nakazawa and Andreas Kathol", publisher = "Academic Press", title = "Word Order Constraints on Verb Clusters {German} and {Dutch}", url = "http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannord/papers/", year = "To appear"}
@phdthesis{Kang:96, address = "LERI Kyung Hee University 1 Hoegidong Dongdaemungu Seoul, Korea", author = "Woosoon Kang", email = "wkang@nms.kyunghee.ac.kr", school = "Kyung Hee University at Seoul", title = "A Nonderivational Approach to the Gapping Phenomenon in English and Korean", year = "1996"}
@inproceedings{Kathol:96, address = "Antwerp", author = "Andreas Kathol", booktitle = "Computational Linguistics in The Netherlands 1995", editor = "Walter Daelemans and Gert Durieux and Steven Gillis", homepage = "http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~kathol/", title = "Order Variability in {German} and {Dutch} Verb Clusters", url = "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kathol/Papers/CLIN95.ps.gz", year = "1996"}
@inproceedings{Kathol:To-appear, author = "Andreas Kathol", booktitle = "Proceedings of WECOL 96", homepage = "http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~kathol/", title = "Linearization of Verb Clusters in West Germanic", url = "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kathol/Papers/WECOL96.ps.gz", year = "To appear"}
@inproceedings{Kathol:Pollard:95b, address = "Stanford University", author = "Andreas Kathol and Carl J. Pollard", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics", publisher = "CSLI Publications/SLA", title = "On the Left Periphery of {German} Subordinate Clauses", url = "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kathol//Papers/WCCFL95.ps.gz", volume = "14", year = "1995"}
@incollection{Lebeth:92, address = "Stuttgart", author = "Kai Lebeth", booktitle = "Syntaktische Analysevorschl{\"a}ge zur Behandlung von lokalen Pr{\"a}fixverben in einem System f{\"u}r die Generierung von Wegbeschreibungen", editor = "Bernd Abb and Kai Lebeth", month = "June", number = "224", publisher = "IBM Wissenschaftliches Zentrum Institut f{\"u}r Wissensbasierte Syteme", series = "IWBS Report", title = "{Zur Analyse von trennbaren lokalen Pr{\"a}fixverben in der HPSG}", year = "1992"}
@techreport{Lebeth:94, address = "Institut f{\"u}r Logik und Linguistik, Heidelberg", author = "Kai Lebeth", institution = "IBM Informationssysteme GmbH", month = "aug", number = "18", title = "{Morphosyntaktischer Strukturaufbau: Eine Alternative zu lexikalischen Regeln}", type = "{Verbmobil Report}", year = "1994"}
@phdthesis{LIU:97, address = "SFB 471, FG Sprachwissenschaft, Universit{\"a}t Konstanz, Germany", author = "Gang LIU", email = "liu.gang@uni-konstanz.de", homepage = "http://www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Philo/Sprachwiss/proj/sfb47101.htm", month = "July, 1997", school = "University Constance", title = "{Eine unifikations-basierte Grammatik f{\"u}r das moderne Chinesisch - dargestellt in der HPSG}", url = "ftp://thor.sprachwiss.uni-konstanz.de/pub/liugang/", year = "1997"}
@incollection{Reape:96, address = "Berlin, New York", author = "Mike Reape", booktitle = "Discontinuous Constituency", editor = "Harry Bunt and Arthur van Horck", homepage = "http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/daidb/people/staff/Michael_Reape.html", number = "6", pages = "209--253", publisher = "Mouton de Gruyter", series = "Natural language processing", title = "Getting things in order", year = "1996"}
@article{Sag:97, author = "Ivan A. Sag", homepage = "http://hpsg.stanford.edu/hpsg/sag.html", journal = "Journal of Linguistics", number = "2", pages = "431--484", title = "English Relative Clause Constructions", url = "ftp://ftp-csli.stanford.edu/linguistics/sag/rel-pap.ps.gz", url_checked = "03.11.98", volume = "33", year = "1997"}
@unpublished{Wilcock:97, author = "Graham Wilcock", email = "wilcock@is.aist-nara.ac.jp", homepage = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/staff/wilcock/home.html", month = "July", note = "4th International Conference on HPSG, Ithaca NY", title = "Lexicalization of Context (HPSG-97)", url = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/lab/papers/wilcock/HPSG-97.ps", year = "1997"}
@inproceedings{Wilcock:To-appear, address = "Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario", author = "Graham Wilcock", booktitle = "9th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation", email = "wilcock@is.aist-nara.ac.jp", homepage = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/staff/wilcock/home.html", note = "August 1998", title = "Approaches to Surface Realization with HPSG", year = "To appear"}
@incollection{Wilcock:To-appearb, address = "Stanford", author = "Graham Wilcock", booktitle = "Studies in Constraint-Based Lexicalism", email = "wilcock@is.aist-nara.ac.jp", editor = "Gert Webelhuth and Andreas Kathol and Jean-Pierre Koenig", homepage = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/staff/wilcock/home.html", publisher = "CSLI Publications", title = "Lexicalization of Context", year = "To appear"}
@inproceedings{Wilcock:Matsumoto:96, address = "Marseille", author = "Graham Wilcock and Yuji Matsumoto", booktitle = "Actes de TALN-96", email = "wilcock@is.aist-nara.ac.jp", homepage = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/staff/wilcock/home.html", month = "May", note = "Joint session with 3rd International Conference on HPSG", pages = "65--66", title = "Implementing {HPSG} with Modular Tools for Fast Compiling and Parsing", url = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/lab/papers/wilcock/HPSG-96.ps", year = "1996"}
@inproceedings{Wilcock:Matsumoto:96b, address = "Copenhagen", author = "Graham Wilcock and Yuji Matsumoto", booktitle = "16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-96)", email = "wilcock@is.aist-nara.ac.jp", homepage = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/staff/wilcock/home.html", month = "August", pages = "758--763", title = "Reversible Delayed Lexical Choice in a Bidirectional Framework", url = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/lab/papers/wilcock/COLING-96.ps", year = "1996"}
@inproceedings{Wilcock:Matsumoto:To-appear, author = "Graham Wilcock and Yuji Matsumoto", booktitle = "17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-98)", email = "wilcock@is.aist-nara.ac.jp", homepage = "http://cl.aist-nara.ac.jp/staff/wilcock/home.html", note = "Montreal, August 1998", title = "Head-Driven Generation with HPSG", year = "To appear"}
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