Previous issues: #1 (28.Sept.96),  #2 (23.Dec.96),  #3 (23.May.97),  #4 (17.Sept.97)



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    /   ____   / /  /  _______/ /  /  /_______     /  / /  ____    
   /  / ___/  / /  /  / _______/   |______   /|   /  / /  /_  /|
  /  / /  /  / /  /  / /         ________/  / /  /  /______/ / /
 /__/ /  /__/ /  /__/ /         /__________/ /  /___________/ / 
 |__|/   |__|/   |__|/          |__________|/   |___________|/  

      ___   ___  ____   ___  ___  ___   ___
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     |___| |   | /___  |___   |    |   |___       Issue 5, 19.Dec.1997

Table Of Contents

1. Editorial
2. Reports On Conferences, Workshops, Etc.
3. News
4. Abstracts of Papers, MA and PH.D Projects
5. Bibliographic Information

Editorial

Dear Colleagues,

welcome to the Christmas 97 edition of the HPSG Gazette.

Two issues ago, we mentioned that certain sections of the Gazette, the calls for papers and the information on upcoming events, more or less duplicate information already collected elsewhere. We thus suggested dropping these sections in future editions. Since we did not receive any objections to this idea, we have now gone ahead and trimmed down the Gazette; only those CFPs which were explicitly sent to us are included at the end of the news section. For general information on CFPs and upcoming events, we recommend the following three sources:

• The subsections for calls and conference announcements on LINGUIST: http://www.linguistlist.org (and a number of mirror sites)

• The chronological conference schedule for linguistics and related topics at the Centre for Language Teaching and Research, University of Queensland: http://www.cltr.uq.edu.au:8000/conf.html

• The Conference Calendar of Colibri, a service providing news about language, speech, logic, and information: http://colibri.let.ruu.nl/html/agenda/agenda.html
  

The next issue of the Gazette will appear in March. Please remember to send all HPSG-related information to the usual address:

Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!
Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gesundes neues Jahr!
Wesolych Swiat i Szczesliwego Nowego Roku!

Detmar Meurers
Adam Przepiorkowski

Reports On Conferences, Workshops, Etc.

1. Second Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (FDSL 2)
2. Fifth Meeting on Mathematics of Language (MOL 5)

Second Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (FDSL 2)

The second international conference on formal description of Slavic languages took place in Potsdam, Germany, on 20-22 November 1997. The program included the following HPSG-related presentations:

• Tania Avgustinova (Computerlinguistik, Universität des Saarlandes):
  "Clustering Clitics in Bulgarian Nominal Constituents"
  
  
• Tania Avgustinova/Wojciech Skut (Computerlinguistik, Universität des Saarlandes):
  "Encoding Common Slavic Linguistic Knowledge in HPSG"
  
  
• Gerald Penn (Universität Tübingen):
  "On the Plausibility of Purely Structural Multiple WH-Fronting"
  
  
• Adam Przepiorkowski (Universität Tübingen):
  "On Complements and Adjuncts in Polish"
  

Fifth Meeting on Mathematics of Language (MOL 5)

The fifth meeting on mathematics of language (MOL5) took place at Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany on August 25-27, 1997. The program included the following HPSG-related presentations:

• Drew Moshier (Chapman University)
  "How to Solve Domain Equations Involving Path Equations"
  
  
• Gerald Penn (Unidersität Tübingen)
  "Parametric Types for Typed Attribute Value Logic"
  

News

1. Philip Miller's thesis available electronically
2. Job openings at Univ. of Tübingen
3. New version of diagram display engine Thistle
4. Joint conference on Formal Grammar, HPSG, and CG (CFP)
5. CFPs of ESSLLI Workshops on
   • Current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax
   • Mutual knowledge, common ground and public information
   • Machine Translation
   • Lexical semantics in context: corpus, inference and discourse

Philip Miller's thesis available electronically

It was originally published by Garland in 1992, but has been out of print for a while.

Job openings at Univ. of Tübingen

to work in a project of the Sonderforschungsbereich 340 ``Theoretische Grundlagen der Computerlinguistik''. The project is concerned with the development, formalization, and implementation of a large syntax fragment for German in combination with a constraint logic programming language for this purpose. It continues the work carried out in the projects B4 and B8, cf., http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/sfb/

Applicants should have either one of the following qualifications:

1. strong background in the syntax of German, good knowledge of HPSG, and an interest in the formalization and implementation of a large German syntax fragment.

2. intimate knowledge of the theory and implementation of constraint resolution and an interest in applying this knowledge to the linguistic domain of constraints on word order.

Applications should be sent by mail or email to the address below. Those received by January 31st, 1998 will receive full consideration, although interviews may start at any time.

Dale Gerdemann and Erhard W. Hinrichs
Seminar fuer Sprachwissenschaft, Abt. Computerlinguistik
Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen
Kleine Wilhelmstr. 113
D-72074 Tübingen, Germany

dg@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de

In case of equal qualifications, preference will be given to persons with disabilities.

The University of Tübingen strives to increase the representation of female scientists. Women are, therefore, especially encouraged to apply.

New version of diagram display engine Thistle

• New graphical primitives: dendrograms, fractions and Cooper boxes.

• Step-time animation of sequences of diagrams

• Subparts of diagrams may be `folded'

Descriptions of Thistle and many example pages are available from

http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/software/thistle/index.html

HPSG demos:

http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/software/thistle/demos/example_hpsg.html

Joint conference on Formal Grammar, HPSG, and CG (CFP)

• formal and computational syntax, semantics, and pragmatics;
  
• head-driven phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar;
  
• model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics;
  
• constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar;
  
• foundational, methodological and architectural issues in grammar.
  

• an information sheet (in ascii), containing the name of the author(s), affiliation(s), e-mail and postal address(es) and a title;
  
• an abstract, consisting of a description of not more than 5 pages (including figures and references). Abstracts may be either in plain ASCII or in (unix-compatible encoded) postscript, PDF, or DVI.

Current topics in constraint-based theories of germanic syntax

ORGANIZERS: Tibor Kiss and Detmar Meurers (IBM Germany and Univ. Tübingen)

Web site: http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~esslli98/workshops.html

BACKGROUND:
A number of approaches to Germanic languages (excluding English) have been developed in constraint-based theories like HPSG and LFG. Apart from the issue of empirical adequacy, formal issues were raised, among them:

• the nature of complex predicates and the mechanisms used to formalize them
• linearization versus movement analyses of various phenomena
• the nature of functional projections
• configurational and non-configurational properties of scope determination

Detmar Meurers
Universität Tübingen
Seminar fuer Sprachwissenschaft
Kleine Wilhelmstr. 113
D-72074 Tübingen
Germany
dm@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de

REGISTRATION:
Workshop contributors will be required to register for ESSLLI-98, but they will be eligible for a reduced registration fee.

IMPORTANT DATES:
Feb 15, 98: Deadline for submissions
Apr 15, 98: Notification of acceptance
May 15, 98: Deadline for final copy
Aug 17, 98: Start of workshop

FURTHER INFORMATION:
To obtain further information about ESSLLI-98 please visit the ESSLLI-98 home page at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/esslli

Mutual knowledge, common ground and public information

• foundational problems (epistemic logic, social ontology, set theory),
• descriptive and experimental work in psychology, linguistics and ethnomethodology,
• applications in models of agent's behaviour based on e.g., intention analysis, Gricean accounts or speech act theory,
• computer simulation implementing the concepts mentioned.

The deadline for submission of abstracts is February 15, 1998. Notification of contributors will be given around April 15, 1998.

Contributors of selected papers will be asked to provide extended abstracts (five pages) to be distributed as work-shop notes. The deadline for submission of extended abstracts is May 15, 98.

REGISTRATION:
Workshop contributors will be required to register for ESSLLI-98, but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee.

IMPORTANT DATES:
Feb 15, 98: Deadline for submissions
Apr 15, 98: Notification of acceptance
May 15, 98: Deadline for final copy
Aug 17, 98: Start of workshop

FURTHER INFORMATION:
To obtain further information about ESSLLI-98 please visit the ESSLLI-98 home page at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/esslli

Machine Translation

Lexical semantics in context: corpus, inference and discourse

The intersection between these two fields lies in the application of lexical semantic knowledge to such problems in discourse analysis as anaphora resolution and discourse segmentation. In fact, the benefit will be mutual, because knowledge of discourse structure is helpful to lexical knowledge extraction as well.

In summary, large scale domain specific lexical semantic knowledge acquisition can assist in analyzing discourse structures, which in turn can assist in acquiring even more accurate lexical semantic representations for the relevant terms in the domain.

WORKSHOP FORMAT:
The workshop will consist of five sessions, with two or three 20+10-minute presentations in each session. Additionally, a number of invited talks will be given by members of the program committee, while also some time will be set aside for general discussion of the topic of the workshop.

PROGRAM COMMITTEE:
Submitted papers will be reviewed by the organizers and the following program committee:

Bran Boguraev
Ann Copestake
Daniel Kayser
Alex Lascarides
Manfred Pinkal
Massimo Poesio
James Pustejovsky

SUBMISSION:
It should be stressed that we especially encourage those contributions that address aspects of the integration of all three areas of research mentioned above (lexical semantics, discourse analysis and corpus-based approaches to both of these).

The accepted papers will be made available in a summer school reader. Publication in an edited volume is under discussion.

All researchers in the area, but especially Ph.D. students and young researchers, are encouraged to submit an extended abstract (4 to 5 pages), preferably by email and in postscript.

Submissions should be sent before February 15, 1998 to one of the following
two organizers:

Johan Bos
University of the Saarland
Dept. of Computational Linguistics
Postfach 15 11 50
D-66041 Saarbruecken
Germany
bos@coli.uni-sb.de

Paul Buitelaar
Brandeis University
Department of Computer Science
Waltham, MA 02254
USA
paulb@cs.brandeis.edu

REGISTRATION:
Workshop contributors will be required to register for ESSLLI-98, but they will be elligible for a reduced registration fee.

IMPORTANT DATES:
Feb 15, 98: Deadline for submissions
Apr 15, 98: Notification of acceptance
May 15, 98: Deadline for final copy
Aug 17, 98: Start of workshop

FURTHER INFORMATION:
To obtain further information about ESSLLI-98 please visit the ESSLLI-98 home page at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/esslli

Abstracts of Papers, MA and Ph.D. Projects

1. Shuly Wintner, Evgeniy Gabrilovich and Nissim Francez:
   "Amalia - A Unified Platform for Parsing and Generation"

2. Shuly Wintner:
   "The affixal nature of the definite article in Hebrew"

3. David Johnson and Shalom Lappin:
   "Local Constraints vs. Local Economy"

4. Stefan Riezler:
   "Probabilistic Constraint Logic Programming"

5. G.I. Right:
   "Some fundamental aspects of enormously good syntax"

Shuly Wintner, Evgeniy Gabrilovich and Nissim Francez:
"Amalia - A Unified Platform for Parsing and Generation"

Contemporary linguistic theories (in particular, HPSG) are declarative in nature: they specify constraints on permissible structures, not how such structures are to be computed. Grammars designed under such theories are, therefore, suitable for both parsing and generation. However, practical implementations of such theories don't usually support bidirectional processing of grammars. We present a grammar development system that includes a compiler of grammars (for parsing and generation) to abstract machine instructions, and an interpreter for the abstract machine language. The generation compiler inverts input grammars (designed for parsing) to a form more suitable for generation. The compiled grammars are then executed by the interpreter using one control strategy, regardless of whether the grammar is the original or the inverted version. We thus obtain a unified, efficient platform for developing reversible grammars.

Proceedings of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria, 11-13 September 1997. Available from: http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly/publications/ranlp.ps.gz

Shuly Wintner:
"The affixal nature of the definite article in Hebrew"

This paper provides evidence for the affixal nature of the Hebrew definite article, `ha'. Usually considered a stand-alone word or a clitic, the rules that govern the combination of the article with nominals are viewed as part of the syntax. This paper suggests an alternative analysis by which it is attached to its host nominals through a morphological process. Several arguments, from all levels of linguistic representation, are provided. First, accepted criteria for wordhood reveal the clear dependent behavior of the definite article. Then, its affixal characteristics are discussed: phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic considerations support such a view. Furthermore, it is shown that treatment of the definite article as an affix facilitates the construction of both syntactic and semantic theories for Hebrew. In the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, a single lexical rule accounts for the combination of the article with various types of nominals. An HPSG grammar for a fragment of Hebrew, focusing on noun phrases, is presented, in which the affixal view of the definite article is integrated.

Presented at Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands (CLIN-97), Nijmegen, 12 December, 1997

David Johnson and Shalom Lappin:
"Local Constraints vs. Local Economy"

David Johnson and I have just completed the draft of a new paper, "Local Constraints vs. Local Economy", in which we compare recently proposed models of local economy with pure local constraint grammars. We argue that there is no conceptual or empirical support for incorporating local economy principles into the linguistic theory. We also compare the relation between syntactic structure and interface representations in both global and local economy versions of the Minimalist Program (MP) on one hand, and local constraint/incremental correspondence theories on the other. We take HPSG as a paradigm of the latter framework, and we argue that it provides a more successful treatment of the expletive and raising structures which MP theorists have used to support economy principles. We conclude that the fact that these stuctures are acutely problematic for the MP is an artifact of the interface-final architecture which it imposes on grammar. These problems do not arise in an incremental correspondence framework like HPSG, where semantic and phonological representations are built up in strict parallelism with syntactic structure. An extended abstract of the paper, and gzipped ps and Word Perfect 5.2 files are available from the SOAS HPSG Ellipsis Project web site, URL http://semantics.soas.ac.uk/ellip. We welcome your comments and discussion. Regards.
Shalom

Available from: http://semantics.soas.ac.uk/ellip/papers/loc_econ.ps.gz and http://semantics.soas.ac.uk/ellip/papers/loc_econ.wp

Stefan Riezler:
"Probabilistic Constraint Logic Programming"

This paper addresses two central problems for probabilistic processing models: parameter estimation from incomplete data and efficient retrieval of most probable analyses. These questions have been answered satisfactorily only for probabilistic regular and context-free models. We address these problems for a more expressive probabilistic constraint logic programming model.

We present a log-linear probability model for probabilistic constraint logic programming. On top of this model we define an algorithm to estimate the parameters and to select the properties of log-linear models from incomplete data. This algorithm is an extension of the improved iterative scaling algorithm of Della-Pietra, Della-Pietra and Lafferty (1995). Our algorithm applies to log-linear models in general and is accompanied with suitable approximation methods when applied to large data spaces. Furthermore, we present an approach for searching for most probable analyses of the probabilistic constraint logic programming model. This method can be applied to the ambiguity resolution problem in constraint-based grammar applications.

Arbeitspapiere des Sonderforschungsbereichs 340, Bericht Nr. 117,
Seminar fuer Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Tübingen, Oktober 1997.
Available from http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~riezler/117.ps and http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9711001

G.I. Right:
"Some fundamental aspects of enormously good syntax"

In this paper I present and defend some of the major general restrictive assumptions of enormously good syntax (EGS):

(a) In EGS, there is nothing bad or wrong. The major mistakes linguists made in former frameworks were due to the fact that they didn't recognize the need to exclude mistakes. To do so appears to be the optimal hypothesis, and I argue that we have no reason to depart from it.

(b) Lack of mistakes in EGS is due to a single restrictive principle of core grammar, which economically states: do it right (DIR). The DIR guarantees that every rule that doesn't rule is ruled out. This can be seen as the final conclusion of the minimalist program, since the minimalist grammar is further reduced to that part which got it right.

(c) I argue that theories of binding can be better treated in the more restrictive derivational framework of EGS. Applying the DIR to the derivational history of representations ensures the operational correctness of corresponding logical processing.

(d) In computer science, it has long been recognized that those programs are most effective which are correct. With the DIR this desirable property falls out as a corollary.

(e) Having eliminated the representational overhead of wrong predictions, linguistic theory might find itself in a position to make significant contributions to related fields. For example, it is well conceivable that the essential correctness of grammars in the EGS framework might provide the basis for the solution of the universal halting problem.

Bibliographic Information

The following is the alphabetical list of the bibliographical information submitted to Stefan Müller's HPSG Bibliography page at

since the previous issue of the Gazette. The full HPSG bibliography can be found at the above address.

@techreport{Backofen:Krieger:ea:93,
        author       = "Rolf Backofen and Hans-Ulrich Krieger and 
                        Stephen P.~Spackman and Hans {Uszkoreit (eds.)}",
        institution  = "German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence 
                        (DFKI)",
        month        = "mar",
        number       = "D-93-27",
        title        = "Report of the {EAGLES} Workshop on Implemented 
                        Formalisms at DFKI, Saarbr\"ucken",
        year         = "1993"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Brew:95,
        address      = "Dublin",
        author       = "Chris Brew",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the {EACL}",
        email        = "Chris.Brew@edinburgh.ac.uk",
        homepage     = "http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~chrisbr/",
        title        = "Stochastic {HPSG}",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@techreport{Czuba:Przepiorkowski:95,
        author       = "Krzysztof Czuba and Adam Przepi{\'o}rkowski",
        email        = "adamp@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.ipipan.waw.pl/mmgroup/hpsg.html",
        institution  = "Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy 
                        of Sciences",
        month        = "aug",
        number       = "783",
        title        = "Agreement and Case Assignment in {Polish}: 
                        An Attempt at a Unified Account",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~adamp/ap-papers.html",
        year         = "1995"
} 
@inproceedings{Diagne:Kasper:ea:95,
        author       = "Abdel Kader Diagne and Walter Kasper and Hans-Ulrich 
                        Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop 
                        on Parsing Technologies, IWPT-95",
        note         = "Also available as DFKI Research Report RR-95-19",
        pages        = "79--86",
        title        = "Distributed Parsing with {HPSG} Grammars",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@techreport{Dorna:Eberle:ea:94,
        author       = "M. Dorna and K. Eberle and C. J. Rupp",
        institution  = "Univerit\"at Stuttgart",
        month        = "November",
        number       = "39",
        title        = "Semantik-orientierter rekursiver Transfer in HPSG 
                        am Beispiel des Referenzdialogs",
        type         = "Verbmobil Report",
        url          = "http://www.dfki.de/cgi-bin/verbmobil/htbin/decode.cgi/share/VM-depot/FTP-SERVER/vm-reports/report-39-94.ps.gz",
        year         = "1994"
} 

@phdthesis{Eynde:94,
        author       = "Frank Van Eynde",
        email        = "frank.vaneynde@ccl.kuleuven.ac.be",
        homepage     = "http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/~frank/",
        month        = "December",
        note         = "Hard copies can be obtained from the 
                        Centrale Bibliotheek, Ruildienst, 
                        t.a.v. Mevr. M. Verellen, Mgr.Ladeuzeplein, 
                        21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.",
        school       = "Faculteit Letteren, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven",
        title        = "Auxiliaries and verbal affixes. 
                        A monostratal cross-linguistic analysis",
        type         = "Habilitationsschrift",
        year         = "1994"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Eynde:96,
        author       = "Frank Van Eynde",
        booktitle    = "CLIN VI. Papers from the Sixth CLIN Meeting",
        email        = "frank.vaneynde@ccl.kuleuven.ac.be",
        editor       = "G. Durieux, W. Daelemans, S. Gillis",
        homepage     = "http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/~frank/",
        organization = "University of Antwerp",
        pages        = "231-248",
        publisher    = "Center for Dutch Language and Speech",
        title        = "An {HPSG} treatment of IT-Extraposition without 
                        lexical rules",
        url          = "http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/Papers.html",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Eynde:97,
        author       = "Frank Van Eynde",
        booktitle    = "Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands. 
                        Papers from the Seventh CLIN Meeting.",
        editor       = "J. Landsbergen, J. Odijk, K. van Deemter, 
                        G. Veldhuijzen van Zanten",
        homepage     = "http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/~frank/",
        organization = "Technische Universiteit Eindhoven",
        publisher    = "IPO, Center for Research on User-System Interaction",
        title        = "On the notion ``Minor Category''",
        url          = "http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/Papers.html",
        year         = "1997"
} 

@techreport{Feldhaus:97,
        address      = "IBM Scientific Center Heidelberg",
        author       = "Anke Feldhaus",
        email        = "feldhaus@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de ",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~feldhaus/",
        institution  = "Institute for Logic and Linguistics",
        month        = "April",
        number       = "27",
        title        = "{Eine HPSG-Analyse ausgew{\"a}hlter Ph{\"a}nomene 
                        des deutschen w-Fragesatzes}",
        type         = "Working Papers of the Institute for Logic and 
                        Linguistics",
        year         = "1997"
} 
 

@incollection{Gunji:86,
        author       = "Gunji, Takao",
        booktitle    = "Papers from the Second International Workshop 
                        on Japanese Syntax",
        editor       = "Poser, William J. ",
        pages        = "1--21",
        publisher    = "CSLI",
        title        = "Subcategorization and Word Order",
        year         = "1986"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Gunji:91,
        address      = "Duke University",
        author       = "Takao Gunji",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of {Japanese} Syntactic Processing 
                        Workshop",
        editor       = "R. Mazuka and N. Nagai",
        publisher    = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
        title        = "An Overview of {JPSG}: A Constraint-Based 
                        Descriptive Theory for {Japanese}",
        year         = "1991"
} 
 
@incollection{Gunji:96,
        author       = "Gunji, Takao",
        booktitle    = "Studies in the Universality of Constraint-Based 
                        Structure Grammars",
        editor       = "Gunji, Takao",
        pages        = "61--89",
        publisher    = "Osaka University",
        title        = "On Lexicalist Treatments of {J}apanese Causatives",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@incollection{Harada:Hashida:ea:89,
        author       = "Harada, Yasunari and Hashida, Koichi and 
                        Gunji, Takao and Miyoshi, Hideo and Shirai, Hidetoshi",
        booktitle    = "Advances in Software Science and Technology 1",
        publisher    = "Academic Press",
        title        = "{JPSG}---A Phrase Structure Grammar for {Japanese}",
        year         = "1989"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Kasper:Krieger:96,
        author       = "Walter Kasper and Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference 
                        on Computational Linguistics, COLING-96",
        pages        = "628--633",
        title        = "Modularizing Codescriptive Grammars for Efficient 
                        Parsing",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Kasper:Krieger:96b,
        author       = "Walter Kasper and Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 20th German Annual Conference 
                        on Artificial Intelligence, KI-96",
        note         = "Springer: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin",
        title        = "Integration of Prosodic and Grammatical Information 
                        in the Analysis of Dialogs",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@incollection{Kasper:Krieger:ea:96,
        address      = "Berlin",
        author       = "Walter Kasper and Hans-Ulrich Krieger and 
                        J\"org Spilker and Hans Weber",
        booktitle    = "Natural Language Processing and Speech Technology. 
                        Results of the 3rd KONVENS Conference",
        editor       = "D.\ Gibbon",
        pages        = "77--88",
        publisher    = "Mouton de Gruyter",
        title        = "From Word Hypotheses to Logical Form: An Efficient 
                        Interleaved Approach",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@incollection{Kathol:To-appear,
        author       = "Andreas Kathol",
        booktitle    = "Readings in {HPSG}",
        editor       = "Robert Levine and Georgia Green",
        homepage     = "http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~kathol/",
        publisher    = "Cambridge University Press",
        title        = "Agreement and the Syntax-Morphology Interface 
                        in {HPSG}",
        url          = "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kathol/Papers/Kathol-MorSyn.ps.gz",
        url_checked  = "10.18.97",
        year         = "To appear"
} 

@inproceedings{Krieger:Schaefer:94c,
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger and Ulrich Sch\"afer",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference 
                        on Computational Linguistics, COLING-94",
        note         = "An enlarged version of this paper is available as 
                        DFKI Research Report RR-94-37",
        pages        = "893--899",
        title        = "{${\cal T\!D\!L}$}---A Type Description Language 
                        for Constraint-Based Grammars",
        year         = "1994"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Krieger:Schaefer:95,
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger and Ulrich Sch\"afer",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 14th International Joint 
                        Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-95",
        note         = "Also available as DFKI Research Report RR-95-18",
        pages        = "1428--1434",
        title        = "Efficient Parameterizable Type Expansion for 
                        Typed Feature Formalisms",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@incollection{Krieger:94,
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Constraints, Language and Computation",
        email        = "krieger@dfki.de",
        editor       = "C.J.~Rupp and M.A.~Rosner and R.L.~Johnson",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~krieger/",
        note         = "A version of this paper is available as DFKI 
                        Research Report RR-93-27. Also published in: 
                        {IDSIA} Working Paper No.~5, Lugano, November 1991",
        pages        = "277--313",
        publisher    = "Academic Press",
        title        = "Derivation Without Lexical Rules",
        year         = "1994"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Krieger:95,
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Paper presented at the 4th Meeting on Mathematics 
                        of Language, MOL4",
        email        = "krieger@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~krieger/",
        note         = "Also available as DFKI Research Report RR-95-20",
        title        = "Typed Feature Structures, Definite Equivalences, 
                        Greatest Model Semantics, and Nonmonotonicity",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Krieger:95b,
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the International KRUSE Symposium, 
                        Knowledge Retrieval, Use, and Storage for Efficiency",
        email        = "krieger@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~krieger/",
        note         = "Also available as DFKI Research Report RR-95-17",
        pages        = "74--85",
        title        = "Classification and Representation of Types in 
                        {${\cal T\!D\!L}$}",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@incollection{Krieger:95c,
        address      = "Berlin",
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        booktitle    = "Machine Translation and the Lexicon",
        email        = "krieger@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~krieger/",
        note         = "Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 898. 
                        A version of this paper is available as DFKI 
                        Research Report RR-94-39",
        pages        = "101--119",
        publisher    = "Springer",
        title        = "Typed Feature Formalisms as a Common Basis for 
                        Linguistic Specification",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@phdthesis{Krieger:95d,
        author       = "Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
        email        = "krieger@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~krieger/",
        month        = "sep",
        school       = "Universit\"at des Saarlandes, Department of 
                        Computer Science",
        title        = "{${\cal T\!D\!L}$}---A Type Description Language 
                        for Constraint-Based Grammars. Foundations, 
                        Implementation, and Applications.",
        year         = "1995"
} 

@techreport{Kuhn:95,
        author       = "Johnas Kuhn",
        email        = "jonas@ims.uni-stuttgart.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~jonas/",
        institution  = "Universit\"at Stuttgart",
        number       = "Nr. 66",
        title        = "{Die Behandlung von Funktionsverbgef\"ugen 
                        in einem HPSG-basierten \"Ubersetzungsansatz}",
        type         = "Verbmobil-Report",
        url          = "http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~jonas/papers.html",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@book{Miller:92,
        address      = "New York",
        author       = "Philip H. Miller",
        email        = "pmiller@ulb.ac.be",
        homepage     = "http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/pmiller/",
        note         = "Published version of 1991 Doctoral dissertation, 
                        University of Utrecht, The Netherlands",
        publisher    = "Garland",
        title        = "Clitics and Constituents in Phrase Structure Grammar",
        url          = "http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/pmiller/#thesis",
        year         = "1992"
} 

@phdthesis{Mueller:97,
        address      = "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
        author       = "Stefan M{\"u}ller",
        email        = "Stefan.Mueller@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/",
        month        = "September",
        school       = "University of the Saarland",
        title        = "{Spezifikation und Verarbeitung deutscher Syntax 
                        in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar}",
        type         = "Dissertation",
        url          = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/Pub/e_diss.html",
        url_checked  = "10.18.97",
        year         = "1997"
} 

@techreport{Mueller:97,
        address      = "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
        author       = "Stefan M{\"u}ller",
        email        = "Stefan.Mueller@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/",
        institution  = "Deutsches Forschungszentrum f{\"u}r 
                        K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz",
        note         = "A shorter version appeared in {\it Natural 
                        Language Processing and Speech Technology. 
                        Results of the 3rd KONVENS Conference, 
                        Bielefeld, October 1996\/}",
        number       = "{RR-97-08}",
        title        = "Complement Extraction Lexical Rules and 
                        Argument Attraction",
        type         = "{Research Report}",
        url          = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/Pub/e_case_celr.html",
        year         = "1997"
} 
 
@techreport{Mueller:97b,
        address      = "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
        author       = "Stefan M{\"u}ller",
        email        = "Stefan.Mueller@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/",
        institution  = "Deutsches Forschungszentrum f{\"u}r 
                        K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz",
        note         = "A shorter version appeared in {\it Proceedings 
                        of COLING 96\/}",
        number       = "{RR-97-07}",
        title        = "Yet another Paper about Partial Verb Phrase 
                        Fronting in {German}",
        type         = "{Research Report}",
        url          = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/Pub/e_pvp.html",
        year         = "1997"
} 
 
@techreport{Mueller:97c,
        address      = "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
        author       = "Stefan M{\"u}ller",
        email        = "Stefan.Mueller@dfki.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/",
        institution  = "Deutsches Forschungszentrum f{\"u}r 
                        K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz",
        note         = "A shorter version appeared in {\it Proceedings 
                        of the tenth Pacific Asia Conference on 
                        Language, Information and Computation\/}. 
                        City University of Hong Kong. 1995.",
        number       = "{RR-97-06}",
        title        = "Scrambling in {German} -- Extraction into the 
                        {{\it Mittelfeld\/}}",
        type         = "{Research Report}",
        url          = "http://www.dfki.de/~stefan/Pub/e_scrambling.html",
        year         = "1997"
} 

 

@incollection{Matsui:96,
        author       = "Matsui, Michiano",
        booktitle    = "Studies in the Universality of Constraint-Based 
                        Structure Grammars",
        editor       = "Gunji, Takao",
        publisher    = "Osaka",
        title        = "An Introduction to {JPSG} Phonology",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Nagata:Kogure:90,
        author       = "Nagata, Masaaki and Kogure, Kiyoshi",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the European Conference on AI",
        title        = "{HPSG}-Based Lattice Parser for Spoken Japanese 
                        in a Spoken Language Translation System",
        year         = "1990"
} 
 
@techreport{Przepiorkowski:95,
        author       = "Adam Przepi{\'o}rkowski",
        email        = "adamp@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~adamp/",
        institution  = "Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy 
                        of Sciences",
        month        = "jan",
        number       = "766",
        title        = "Transmisja wymaga{\'n} sk{\l}adniowych 
                        [Transmitting subcategorization]",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~adamp/ap-papers.html",
        year         = "1995"
} 

@inproceedings{Ro:94,
        author       = "Ro, Atle",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of Coling '94",
        pages        = "134--137",
        publisher    = "Kyoto",
        title        = "Interlanguage Signs and Lexical Transfer Errors",
        year         = "1994"
} 
 
@incollection{Sells:96,
        author       = "Sells, Peter",
        booktitle    = "Studies in the Universality of Constraint-Based 
                        Structure Grammars",
        editor       = "Gunji, Takao",
        organization = "Osaka",
        pages        = "39--60",
        title        = "The Projection of Phrase Structure and 
                        Argument Structure in {Japanese}",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@incollection{Sirai:96,
        author       = "Sirai, Hidetoshi",
        booktitle    = "Studies in the Universality of Constraint-Based 
                        Structure Grammars",
        editor       = "Gunji, Takao",
        pages        = "171--181",
        publisher    = "Osaka University",
        title        = "Constraints Based Grammar Formalism for {Japanese}",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Strom:Elsner:ea:97,
        author       = "Volker Strom and Anja Elsner and Wolfgang Hess 
                        and Walter Kasper and Alexandra Klein and 
                        Hans-Ulrich Krieger and J\"org Spilker and 
                        Hans Weber and G\"unther G\"orz",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of Eurospeech 97",
        title        = "On the Use of Prosody in a Speech-To-Speech 
                        Translator",
        year         = "1997"
} 

@incollection{Tsuda:Harada:96,
        author       = "Tsuda, Hiroshi and Harada, Yasunari",
        booktitle    = "Studies in the Universality of 
                        Constraint-Based Structure Grammars",
        editor       = "Gunji, Takao",
        publisher    = "Osaka",
        title        = "Semantics and Pragmatics of Adnominal Particle 
                        NO in Quixote",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@incollection{Uda:96,
        author       = "Uda, Chiharu",
        booktitle    = "Studies in the Universality of Constraint-Based 
                        Structure Grammars",
        editor       = "Gunji, Takao",
        pages        = "203--215",
        publisher    = "Osaka University",
        title        = "{ARG-S} Feature and Valence Features: More 
                        Evidence From {Japanese} Passives",
        year         = "1996"
} 
 
@phdthesis{Verspoor:97,
        author       = "Cornelia Maria Verspoor",
        email        = "kversp@cogsci.ed.ac.uk",
        homepage     = "http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~kversp/",
        month        = "August",
        school       = "University of Edinburgh",
        title        = "Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics",
        url          = "ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/kversp/thesis.ps.gz",
        url_checked  = "10.21.97",
        year         = "1997"
} 

@article{Wintner:Francez:98,
        author       = "Wintenr, Shuly and Francez, Nissim",
        email        = "shuly@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly",
        journal      = "Journal of Logic, Language and Information",
        note         = "(accepted for publication)",
        title        = "Off-line Parsability and the Well-foundedness 
                        of Subsum ption",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly/publications/",
        year         = "1998"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Wintner:Francez:95,
        address      = "Prague",
        author       = "Wintner, Shuly and Francez, Nissim",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the Fourth International 
                        Workshop on Par sing Technologies",
        email        = "shuly@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly",
        month        = "September",
        pages        = "273-287",
        title        = "Parsing with Typed Feature Structures",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly/publications/",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Wintner:Francez:95b,
        address      = "Lisbon",
        author       = "Wintner, Shuly and Francez, Nissim",
        booktitle    = "Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Natural 
                        Language Und erstanding and Logic Programming",
        email        = "shuly@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly",
        month        = "May",
        pages        = "205-220",
        title        = "An Abstract Machine for Typed Feature Structures",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly/publications/",
        year         = "1995"
} 
 
@inproceedings{Wintner:Francez:ea:97,
        address      = "Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria",
        author       = "Wintner, Shuly and Francez, Nissim and 
                        Gabrilovich, Evgeniy",
        booktitle    = "Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
        email        = "shuly@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        editor       = "Mitkov, Ruslan and Nicolov, Nicolas and
                         Nikolov, Nikolai",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly",
        month        = "September",
        pages        = "135-142",
        title        = "{AMALIA} -- A Unified Platform for Parsing and 
                        Generation",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly/publications/",
        year         = "1997"
} 
 
@phdthesis{Wintner:97,
        address      = "Haifa, Israel",
        author       = "Wintner, Shuly",
        email        = "shuly@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de",
        homepage     = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly",
        month        = "January",
        school       = "Technion -- Israel Institute of Technology",
        title        = "An Abstract Machine for Unification Grammars",
        url          = "http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~shuly/publications/",
        year         = "1997"
} 

@techreport{Yoshimoto:91,
        author       = "Yoshimoto, Kei",
        institution  = "NTT Basic Research Lab",
        title        = "Japanese Grammar Description by Means of {TFS}",
        year         = "1991"
} 
 
@phdthesis{Yoshimoto:97,
        author       = "Yoshimoto, Kei",
        school       = "Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
        title        = "Tense and Aspect in {Japanese} and {English}",
        year         = "1997"
}